…treatment effect and of disease progression. Assessment of pulmonary involvement in systemic disease, for example rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma, and during treatment with pulmonary toxic…

…AV nodal refractoriness. Its electrophysiologic effects on the His Purkinje system and ventricular muscle are minimal, except in cases of toxic concentrations. In most patients…

…Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS syndrome) have been rarely reported with acetylsalicylic acid. Discontinue acetylsalicylic acid at the first sign of skin rash, mucosal…

…non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes are increasingly recognized. The burgeoning field of cardio oncology has highlighted the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines, HER2 inhibitors…

…g daily in females as capable of causing cardiomyopathy. Several mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis Electrical…

…is not an established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT…

…dose , titrated against clinical effect. 2. Parenteral thiamine early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium…

…for the side effects of heart block, wheezing, and peripheral vasodilation, respectively. Pharmacokinetics and Administration Technique Adenosine is extensively and rapidly cleared from the plasma…

…arising from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its…

…of heart rates compared to Bazett’s formula. Fridericia's Formula: QTc = QT interval / (RR interval) 1/3 Framingham (Sagie’s) Formula Derived from…

…reduction in heart rate and contractility appears to act through a redistribution of blood from non ischemic to ischemic myocardium (i.e an increase in…

…which specific antidotes are available. The detrimental effects of these substances can potentially be reversed if interventions are promptly instituted. In scenarios where an antidote…

…not afterwards. Indications Medicinal charcoal is given after the ingestion of a potentially toxic dose of a substance that binds to charcoal, when it can…

…Fluid where hypovolaemia is likely, but avoid repeated blind boluses in cardiogenic toxic shock D Plasma glucose immediately. Assess the level of consciousness, the pupils…

…but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the head relative to gravity: perform Dix Hallpike and, if needed…

…toxic to cardiomyocytes, inducing the elaboration of high levels of natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponin [19]. ATTR Amyloidosis: This form arises from the misfolding of…

…a highly toxic, pro thrombotic milieu composed of extracellular cholesterol crystals, apoptotic and necrotic macrophage debris, and abundant tissue factor [9] . The transition from a…

…ABCDE assessment and document the time of seizure onset, or the time the patient was last known to be well. Protect the patient from injury…

…related presentations Severe hypertension may result from phaeochromocytoma, monoamine oxidase inhibitor crisis, cocaine intoxication, or other sympathomimetic exposure, including methamphetamine. Abrupt withdrawal of antihypertensive medication…

…syndrome: from ECG criteria to management Although the early repolarization pattern has been recognized for almost 50 years, it is still one of the most…

…of first degree AV block, as it does not represent a true conduction block but rather a delay in the propagation of electrical impulses from…

…80% of patients have localized ST segment elevations (mostly in the chest leads). The morphology of the ST segment elevations cannot be differentiated from those…