…and brain. Its clinical retinal signature includes flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and papilloedema. Associated complications may include encephalopathy, acute heart failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation…

…where hypovolaemia is likely, but avoid repeated blind boluses in cardiogenic toxic shock D Plasma glucose immediately. Assess the level of consciousness, the pupils, tone…

…is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least 5 minutes, or repeated generalised tonic clonic seizures without the patient regaining consciousness…

…usually generalised tonic clonic and sometimes several within a short period 24 to 72 hours Increasing autonomic hyperactivity and risk of complicated withdrawal 48 to…

…heart failure armamentarium. Its use has declined over time due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its…

…discussion: the ECG blog Myocardial ischemia and infarction Myocardial ischemia The definition of ischemia may appear trivial but it is actually a very complicated topic…

…not afterwards. Indications Medicinal charcoal is given after the ingestion of a potentially toxic dose of a substance that binds to charcoal, when it can…

…systemic disease, for example rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma, and during treatment with pulmonary toxic drugs. Contraindications Forced expiration raises the pressure in the thorax, the…

…skin reactions (e.g., Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS syndrome) have been rarely reported with acetylsalicylic acid. Discontinue acetylsalicylic acid at the first…

…The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood flow and the concentration of filtered substances along the nephron as water…

…hearing, cardiac examination, ECG, selective vascular imaging Traumatic or toxic syndrome Onset after trauma, a change in medication or an exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury…

…corrections. Hodges’ formula offers an alternative linear correction method. https://ecgwaves.com/topic/longt qt syndrome interval lqts torsades de pointes/Related article. References Luo…

…as a rapid intravenous bolus. Unlike many other intravenous medications where rapid boluses risk hemodynamic instability or transiently toxic concentrations, adenosine requires a rapidly delivered…

…Several mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis Electrical channelopathies Oxidative stress Cellular apoptosis and necrosis Progressive structural…

…chains [8, 19]. Light chains are directly toxic to cardiomyocytes, inducing the elaboration of high levels of natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponin [19]. ATTR Amyloidosis…

…vision, burning sensation. Relevant reading https://ecgwaves.com/topic/diagnosis management tachycardia tachyarrhythmia wide narrow/ References Drug Bank Zipes et al: Arrhythmology, Elsevier (2019). Wellington…

…ventricular fibrillation remain elusive. This is a rather complex topic that is only of relevance to researchers in electrophysiology and arrhythmology. Regarding the risk of…

…Treatment of first degree AV block Refer to Management of Atrioventricular (AV) Blocks https://ecgwaves.com/topic/av block 1 2 3 treatment management ecg/

…genetic testing for all patients with non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes are increasingly recognized. The burgeoning field of cardio oncology has highlighted the…

…core (LRNC) separated from the vessel lumen by a fibrous cap. The LRNC is a highly toxic, pro thrombotic milieu composed of extracellular cholesterol crystals…

…the degree of left ventricular impairment. Pathophysiology of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome) This topic is still under investigation. A number of plausible mechanisms have…