…Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals…

…fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of disease progression…

…involves the descending thoracic aorta, which is affected in approximately 60%–70% of cases. The ascending aorta is involved in about 30% and the arch…

…with or without extension into the arch or descending aorta. Stanford type B: does not involve the ascending aorta and includes dissections involving the arch…

…atrial flutter, AVNRT and AVRT (pre excitation, WPW syndrome) being the most common. Atrial fibrillation with onset during hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), alcohol overdose, thoracic surgery, acute…

CPR Tamponade and cardiac arrest Cardiac arrest associated with tamponade has an exceptionally poor prognosis. In the vast majority of these cases, the tamponade develops…

…distant objects). These concepts have been discussed in detail previously. The gain is regulated with TGC and gain control , as discussed earlier. The gain must…

…V6, I and aVL displays smaller R waves than normal. Along with larger R waves in right sided leads, the R wave progression may be…

…an INR above 1.5 and a platelet count below 50 × 10⁹/L before drain insertion, while diagnostic aspiration with a fine needle is tolerated…

…cardiac and thoracic diagnoses must be considered. The immediate clinical categories include: Non cardiac diagnosis Chronic stable angina Possible ACS Definite ACS In patients with…

…when the target remains unmet despite maximally tolerated statin therapy and ezetimibe. For patients with a recurrent atherothrombotic event while receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy…

…The ECG can show low voltage and nonspecific ST T changes. Conventional thoracic X ray sometimes reveals calcification of the pericardium. With MRI or CT…

…based on observational data ( e.g compression rate and depth). With current strategies, compressions and ventilations can generate a cardiac output equivalent to 15 25…

…airway and thoracic injuries. Tension pneumothorax : Tension pneumothorax increases intrathoracic pressure, which subsequently compresses larger thoracic veins and thus inhibits venous return to the heart…

…severity. Tricuspid stenosis is visually characterized by thickened leaflets, with reduced motion and potentially fused commisures. Continuous Doppler is used to assess the stenosis. Doppler…