…radiograph alone belongs to an earlier era. The needle is inserted close to the upper border of the rib, never at the lower border where…

CPR Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in…

…gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of…

…These disruptions may initiate or complicate the haematoma. IMH most frequently involves the descending thoracic aorta, which is affected in approximately 60%–70% of cases…

…aorta, usually just distal to the left subclavian artery. Type IIIa: remains confined to the descending thoracic aorta. Type IIIb: extends below the diaphragm. The…

…Atrial fibrillation with onset during hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), alcohol overdose, thoracic surgery, acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis/myocarditis or pulmonary embolism is often a reversible arrhythmia with…

…injuries to the mediastinum can cause tamponade. Post operative Complications : Post surgical complications following thoracic procedures can cause tamponade. Tamponade with swinging heart of the…

…left lateral decubitus position. In this position, the heart comes closer to the thoracic wall, with less lung tissue covering the heart. Some images in…

…less sensitive with respect to RVH, because the right ventricle is difficult to visualize clearly with trans thoracic echocardiography. Causes of right ventricular hypertrophy Lung…

…however, emphasize that symptoms and vital signs contribute to initial triage and that alternative cardiac and thoracic diagnoses must be considered. The immediate clinical categories…

…and improves walking distance. The role of PCSK9 inhibition in thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease remains an emerging area of research. Pharmacological Classes and…

…The ECG can show low voltage and nonspecific ST T changes. Conventional thoracic X ray sometimes reveals calcification of the pericardium. With MRI or CT…

…function is normal). Unfortunately, the compressions also increase pressure in the thoracic veins (paravertebral veins, epidural veins) that drain the brain. Increased pressure in these…

…airway and thoracic injuries. Tension pneumothorax : Tension pneumothorax increases intrathoracic pressure, which subsequently compresses larger thoracic veins and thus inhibits venous return to the heart…

…SP, Frankel T, Cohn LH, Adams DH. Long term outcomes of tricuspid valve replacement in the current era. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;80:845–850.