…heart failure armamentarium. Its use has declined over time due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its…

…at the same time each day, usually in the evening so that a dose change can reach the patient the same day the result arrives…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and therapeutic rationale Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is an antiplatelet drug that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase and thereby suppresses thromboxane A2 synthesis…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Therapeutic Rationale Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and contributes to microvascular and macrovascular complications. It…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and therapeutic rationale Inclisiran is a liver directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to reduce production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and therapeutic rationale Multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) refers to clinically significant atherosclerotic disease affecting two or more major epicardial…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pharmacology & dosing Definition and therapeutic objectives Antianginal therapy in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is directed primarily at reducing myocardial ischaemia and…

…and pathophysiology Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) is the principal therapeutic target in lipid management because LDL and other apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins play…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Refractory angina is a chronic syndrome of persistent ischaemic symptoms despite the exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options…

…with downstream effects involving interleukin 6 and C reactive protein, has been a major therapeutic target. This concept is clinically relevant because cardiovascular risk may…