…time due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its routine use in adult patients is generally discouraged…

…5–3.5 Some centres use 2.0–3.0 with a modern bileaflet prosthesis and no risk factors Mechanical mitral valve 2.5–3…

…A2 promotes vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Because aspirin affects only one pathway of platelet activation, its antiplatelet effect is relatively limited compared with agents that…

…receive both lifestyle and antihypertensive drug therapy. For grade 1 hypertension, pharmacological treatment has demonstrated cardiovascular benefit, although in younger individuals with low short term…

…barriers associated with more frequent injectable therapy, although the clinical importance of improved adherence remains dependent on sustained follow up and administration. Clinical indications and…

…less durable relief of angina in some patients and a greater likelihood of repeat PCI. Multivessel disease in ACS is associated with an adverse prognosis…

…and combinations are frequently required. The central therapeutic aim is symptom control rather than modification of long term cardiovascular outcomes. With the important exception of…

…C may paradoxically be associated with increased risk, and HDL C should therefore be interpreted as a risk assessment variable rather than a therapeutic objective…

…symptoms despite the exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options. It is defined by symptoms lasting more than 3 months and attributable to established reversible myocardial ischaemia…

…The interleukin 1β pathway, with downstream effects involving interleukin 6 and C reactive protein, has been a major therapeutic target. This concept is clinically…