…retrograde. Distal re entry tears may allow blood to return to the true lumen, whereas disruption of the adventitia can result in rupture. An alternative…

…In the catastrophic form, an acute tear causes haemopericardium, tamponade, and sudden: Loss of pulse. Loss of blood pressure. Loss of consciousness. Electromechanical dissociation or…

…first minute. Peptic ulcer remains the commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but the differential diagnosis includes oesophagitis, gastritis, a Mallory Weiss tear, a Dieulafoy…

…to the chain of survival, the first task is to recognize cardiac arrest and alert the EMS (in OHCA) or cardiac arrest team (in IHCA…

…the presence of CRT, the type and location of surgery, and the anticipated current pathway. In a pacing dependent patient, inhibition of pacemaker output may…

…3 fingerbreadths of mouth opening, 3 fingerbreadths from chin to hyoid, 2 fingerbreadths from hyoid to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage M allampati…

…In out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) the initial rhythm is recorded by the EMS (emergency medical service) team upon their arrival at the scene…

…the presumed cause of bleeding, and how the products are to be delivered. 2. Designate a team leader and one person responsible for recording the…

…II Anatomical SYNTAX Score : Derived from the original SYNTAX Score, which evaluates the complexity of coronary lesions. Clinical Variables : Age : Older patients have a higher…

…kills because the tube would not pass, but because the team keeps trying to intubate instead of changing the plan. The aim is always oxygenation…

…SYNTAX Score is a semi quantitative scoring system designed to assess the complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and guide the choice between percutaneous coronary…

…promote atherosclerosis. The principal anatomical distributions are: Abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, involved in approximately 30% of symptomatic patients. Femoral and popliteal arteries, involved in…

…risk of transmission (an individual assessment; certain tumour types are not a bar). Untreated generalised infection, or certain transmissible agents according to the current transmission…

…atherosclerotic plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis. Modern cardiac CT can acquire a three dimensional cardiac dataset within approximately 5–15 seconds…

…left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures…

…dedicated multidisciplinary Shock Team. Evaluation and physical examination Assessment should establish: The ACS presentation and its urgency. The presence or absence of haemodynamic instability or…