…general population. This excess risk has been documented across a broad range of conditions, including gout, vasculitis, systemic sclerosis, myositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren…

…connective tissue disease, eosinophilic myocarditis), toxins (alcohol, cocaine, cancer therapies), or physical reactions (radiation therapy), frequently involves the conduction system. In these conditions, involvement of…

…dysplasia (FMD), which may produce arterial wall abnormalities and intramural haematomas. Inherited connective tissue disorders, including Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. FMD may be…

…intolerance Congestive HF CAD Palpitations or suspected atrial fibrillation OSA or daytime symptoms suggestive of sleep disordered breathing Hypoventilation Peripheral oedema or venous disease Reduced…

…Cardiac Amyloidosis Definition and Pathophysiology Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a protein misfolding disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded fibrillar proteins in the myocardium…

…effect of drugs, hypoxia, myocarditis and electrolyte disorders. Because the rate (60–100 beats per minute) is on a par with the rate in sinus…

…injury may accompany numerous cardiac and systemic disorders, including: Cardiac causes Systemic causes Heart failure Sepsis Myocarditis Chronic kidney disease Cardiomyopathy Stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage…

…by numerous local and systemic disorders. Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space may lead to increased intrapericardial pressure, which in turn affects ventricular relaxation…

…of cardiovascular disease. The biological differences between females and males arise partly from the chromosomal distinction between XX and XY individuals and are reflected in…

…highly heterogeneous group of disorders. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is frequently diagnosed when ischemic, valvular, and hypertensive causes are excluded. However, advances in molecular diagnostics…