…kg/m 2 or higher. Body surface area (BSA) Body Surface Area is the total surface area of the body. It is often used in…

…etc. The radius of PISA is measured from the surface of the hemisphere to the narrowest segment of the Doppler beam, which is located within…

ECG Pacemaker malfunction, troubleshooting and ECG Conventional surface ECG can reveal the following types of pacemaker dysfunction: Failure to capture (FTC) , which means that the…

…atrium. An electrode placed in the oesophagus at the right level therefore records atrial depolarisation with an amplitude the surface ECG can never achieve, and…

…measurement in evaluating aortic root morphology. Age stratified formulas help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of…

…36 mm 13 17 mm/m2 Aortic arch 22 36 mm Descending aorta 20 30 mm ​Adjustment refers to adjusting for body surface area (BSA)…

…imbalance ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG)…

…Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside present throughout the body that interacts with G protein coupled A1 receptors located on the extracellular surface of cardiac cells…

…PCSK9 synthesis decreases circulating PCSK9, increases the availability of hepatic low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) receptors at the cell surface, and thereby enhances removal…

…and reduced LV systolic function. The principal mechanisms are the combination of an abnormal thrombogenic endocardial surface and blood stasis. During the acute infarction phase…