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LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…other apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins play a causal role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This causal relationship is supported by genetic, observational and interventional evidence…

Blood pressure

…different measurement methods Measurement technique Faulty measurement technique is the most common cause of misclassification. Five minutes' seated rest, back and arm supported, legs uncrossed…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…an asymptomatic rise in blood pressure must be treated urgently, which is not supported by evidence. The patient may need active treatment and prompt follow…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…give the first dose of broad spectrum antibiotics within 60 minutes of triage or arrival. This is supported by international guidelines on neutropenic fever [2]…

Pericardiocentesis

…in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is a clinical diagnosis supported by echocardiography: Finding Comment : : Hypotension, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds Beck…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…red meat. The principal evidence supported patterns are Mediterranean type and DASH style diets. Their effects are multidimensional and cannot be adequately inferred from changes…

The 3-phase model of sudden cardiac arrest

…defibrillation is substantially longer. The median time to arrival of the EMS is 10 to 15 minutes in Europe and North America, resulting in a…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…3–5 minutes. Repeat if swelling persists. 3. Introduce the nasal speculum with the handle parallel to the floor and the index finger supported against…

Antianginal Therapy: Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Nitrates, and Ranolazine

…is generally 55–60 beats per minute. Beta blockers also have prognostic value in selected populations. Their benefit is well supported in patients with heart…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…recommended procedure is as follows: The patient should remain seated comfortably in a quiet environment for 5 minutes. The back and arm should be supported…

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