Echocardiography Structure and contractile function of myocardial fibers The left ventricular wall can be subdivided into several layers. These layers are similar to those seen…

…and pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by abnormalities of renal structure or function that persist for more than 3 months and have health…

…laboratory medicine Definition and structure Lipoprotein(a), abbreviated Lp(a), is an LDL like circulating lipoprotein particle. It contains one molecule of apolipoprotein B covalently…

…Echocardiography is the first choice for assessing the right side of the heart, despite difficulties in visualizing it. Previously, the PA catheter ( Pulmonary Artery Catheter …

…in patients with suspected or established coronary artery disease (CAD). It combines echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) structure and function with exercise or pharmacological…

…information Assessment of response to selected medical, revascularization, rehabilitation, ablative or surgical interventions The test does not define the structure or composition of coronary atherosclerotic…

…penetrating arteries) : This is the most common type of ischaemic stroke, resulting from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to deep structures…

…otherwise stable patients. More than 48 hours after onset: routine PCI of an occluded infarct related artery is not recommended in stable, asymptomatic patients without…

…absolute contraindications, but be cautious and consider referral in: Diabetes with neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease — a risk of osteomyelitis and poor healing. Check the…

…s predictive accuracy. The SYNTAX Score remains a cornerstone in the management of complex CAD, providing a structured approach to revascularization strategy. While it has…