…stents (BMS) in response to restenosis caused principally by neointimal hyperplasia. Contemporary DES combine a metallic scaffold, a polymeric or polymer free drug delivery system…

…syndrome (ACS), DAPT is used to reduce recurrent myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and other ischemic events after coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or medical…

…or stent thrombosis in ACS patients. Extension beyond 12 months DAPT beyond 12 months may be considered in patients who: Have tolerated DAPT without significant…

…aggregation contribute importantly to arterial thrombus formation, recurrent coronary occlusion, and stent thrombosis. Aspirin inhibits the cyclooxygenase 1 pathway, whereas P2Y12 receptor antagonists inhibit a…

…Attributed to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, without the presence of acute atherothrombosis. Type 3 MI: Describes cardiac death in patients with…

…myocardial injury may occur without myocardial ischaemia. Non ischaemic myocardial injury may accompany numerous cardiac and systemic disorders, including: Cardiac causes Systemic causes Heart failure…

…used for type 1 myocardial infarction are fulfilled. The temporal relationship to stent implantation should always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich…

…through intimal thickening. DES release antiproliferative and anti inflammatory agents from the stent surface and have substantially reduced this process compared with BMS. Neoatherosclerosis Neoatherosclerosis…

…the criteria for type 1 MI. Procedural myocardial injury may also occur without satisfying the diagnostic threshold for periprocedural MI. This distinction is clinically important…

…the system, compared with roughly 70–200 µm for gray scale IVUS. This allows detailed visualization of the lumen surface, fibrous cap thickness, thrombus, stent…

…Plaque or thrombus may be dislodged by: Balloon inflation Atherectomy Stent implantation Manipulation of friable SVG lesions Embolic debris obstructs the distal microcirculation and may…

…and embolize systemically. Observational data indicate approximately a fourfold greater risk of embolic events in patients with LV thrombus than in matched patients without thrombus…

…fluid. The aspiration is technically simple — what determines the outcome is that it is done early and sterilely and that the samples are sent correctly…

…Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum…

…also protect against future proximal disease progression, while stents do not prevent the development of new proximal atherosclerosis. The choice between procedures therefore depends on…

…exercise volumes; therefore, prevention strategies should address both increasing activity and reducing time spent sitting. The relationship between activity and cardiovascular benefit is curvilinear. The…

…are reflected . Since the sound waves are sent out in pulses and the velocity in the tissue is constant (1540 m/s), the machine can…

…the principle of ultrasound imaging is simple: sound waves are sent into the tissue and the reflected waves are used to create an image of…

…pulsed wave Doppler). Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) The number of ultrasound pulses sent per second is called pulse repetition frequency (PRF) . PRF is determined by…