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Inclisiran and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Agents

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and therapeutic rationale Inclisiran is a liver directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to reduce production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…of the arterial wall. It is characterized by the subendothelial accumulation of apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins, macrophage infiltration, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…to rupture of the vasa vasorum, although improved imaging demonstrates small intimal disruptions in approximately 20%–60% of cases. These disruptions may initiate or complicate…

The QRS complex: ECG features of the Q-wave, R-wave, S-wave & duration

…their capital letters (Q, R, S), and small waves are referred to by their lower case letters (q, r, s). Figure 5 shows examples of…

Endotracheal intubation

…of 3 or more indicates a difficult intubation — call for help and get out the videolaryngoscope and plan B before you give the induction agent…

Left bundle branch block (LBBB): ECG criteria, causes, management

…Normal QRS (A), left bundle branch block (B) and right bundle branch block (C). One large box equals 100 ms at paperspeed 25 mm/s…

Cardiac electrophysiology: Action potential, automaticity and vectors

…too small to be detected by skin electrodes; the ECG presents the electrical activity of the atrial and ventricular myocardium. Automaticity of pacemaker cells The…

Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Clinical Significance

…lipoprotein and remnant clearance. The resulting atherogenic dyslipidaemia is characterized by elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol and increased small, dense LDL particles. Increased apoB containing…

Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Cellular changes, ECG and symptoms

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…Indications Unexplained cytopenia in one or more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma…

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