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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…with rapid intestinal transit. Coffee ground vomiting is less specific than fresh haematemesis and can also be seen when the bleeding is slow or has…

Pre-excitation, Atrioventricular Reentrant (Reentry) Tachycardia (AVRT), Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome

…The atrial impulse must pass through the atrioventricular node, which delays the impulse due to its slow conduction, before the impulse may reach the ventricles…

Overview of atrioventricular (AV) blocks

…which transmit electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles. Conduction through the AV node is intentionally slow (due to the low concentration of gap…

🟠 Enalaprilat

Enalaprilat Enalaprilat is rarely used in hypertensive crisis due to its slow onset, prolonged duration of effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug…

Reduction of dislocations

…force. The methods that work best exploit time, gravity and slow movement; those that fail usually do so because the patient tenses up with pain…

🟠 Pulmonary valve

…valve regurgitation Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Emergency medicine Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Bradycardia encompasses a spectrum of rhythm disturbances characterized by an inappropriately slow heart rate. Within…

Atrial fibrillation: quick reference for emergency management

…intravenous beta blocker Digoxin In heart failure or hypotension, or as an add on Slow onset. Dose reduction in renal failure and in old age…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…20–30 min Intradermal (ID) Tuberculin (PPD), skin prick testing, a local anaesthetic weal, BCG Slow, local effect Contraindications Absolute: Infection, a wound, scar tissue…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…fast offset kinetics Lidocaine , Mexiletine , Phenytoin Class IC Na + channel blocker with slow offset kinetics Flecainide, Propafenone Class II Beta adrenergic Blockers (antagonists) Atenolol, Carvedilol…

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