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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…hypertension Group 2: PH due to left heart disease Group 3: PH due to chronic lung disease, hypoxia, or sleep disordered breathing Group 4: Chronic…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…to rise by the time it is measured, for example after relatives have given carbohydrate or glucagon. In a person without diabetes, a hypoglycaemic disorder…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…phenotypic expression complicate risk prediction. Familial clustering may also reflect shared environmental or behavioural factors rather than a single gene disorder. This distinction is important…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…associated with respiratory disorders, notably obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome, which further increase cardiovascular burden. Obesity may be a particularly important cause…

Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…kidney dysfunction, sleep disordered breathing, cancer related disease and cardiac amyloidosis among the relevant clinical settings or comorbidities. HFrEF is distinguished from heart failure with…

🟠 QT Drugs: Drugs causing QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS)

…with meprobamate for the treatment of sleep disorders. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Aceprometazine+AND+(%22QT%22+OR+Torsad " PubMed search…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…hyperaldosteronism or Conn syndrome, comprises disorders in which aldosterone secretion is inappropriately increased, relatively autonomous from angiotensin II and plasma potassium, and resistant to suppression…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…lowered at each measurement, and not to talk. Otherwise ordinary activities, including work. No showering or bathing. A diary of going to bed, getting up…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…to delirium. Symptoms are often worse in the evening and at night, but diurnal variation is not a diagnostic requirement. Hallucinations, usually visual, disturbed sleep…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…and urticaria are usually due to histamine release, not allergy. Concurrent MAO inhibitor, particularly with pethidine. Caution: untreated sleep apnoea, a concurrent benzodiazepine or gabapentinoid…

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