…the investigation, not the end. In a frail older patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example…

…high risk. Treatment resistant hypertension. Suspected nocturnal hypertension or absent nocturnal dipping (diabetes, renal failure, sleep apnoea). Suspected hypotension: dizziness, syncope, autonomic dysfunction, adverse drug…

…release, not allergy. Concurrent MAO inhibitor, particularly with pethidine. Caution: untreated sleep apnoea, a concurrent benzodiazepine or gabapentinoid, marked hypovolaemia, head injury with impaired consciousness…

…iron deficiency and anaemia, kidney dysfunction, sleep disordered breathing, cancer related disease and cardiac amyloidosis among the relevant clinical settings or comorbidities. HFrEF is distinguished…

…smoking, diet, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Additional considerations include psychosocial stress, obstructive sleep apnoea, social determinants of health, air pollution, family history, ethnicity, and…

…2), obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, certain other tachyarrhythmias predispose to developing atrial fibrillation: atrial flutter, AVNRT and…

…limb lead II. Normal (physiological) causes of sinus bradycardia Sinus bradycardia (SB) is considered a normal finding in the following circumstances: During sleep . Well trained…

…ulcer, not routinely Infection Consider Pneumocystis prophylaxis with high doses over a long period, according to the local protocol Psychiatric symptoms Sleep disturbance, hypomania, confusion…

…for the intensive care patient and totals 12 points: Mallampati III–IV (5 points), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (2 points), reduced neck mobility (1 point)…

…the blood glucose during rapid changes. Pressure on the sensor, for example during sleep, can give falsely low values. When there are symptoms or an…