…conductance shortens the atrial action potential duration (APD), hyperpolarizes the membrane potential, and decreases atrial contractility. Analogous electrophysiological changes occur within the sinus and atrioventricular…

…a normal or low pulse pressure, an elevated jugular venous pressure with a paradoxical rise on inspiration (Kussmaul sign), and a difficult to palpate apex…

…excellent, with the vast majority of patients recovering completely after restoration of sinus rhythm (or any other rhythm with normal ventricular rate and activation). Recovery…

…Sick sinus syndrome or symptomatic bradycardia in the absence of a pacemaker. Hypersensitivity to adenosine. Administration Normal route : Peripheral intravenous (IV). Alternative route : Central venous…

…accumulates in the pericardial space. Intrapericardial pressure may reach the point where the ventricles and atria can no longer relax normally, and the ventricles may…

…Management : : : Medial triangle of the face (nasal root, alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers…

…occur in over 40% of females and 30% of males due to a lack of effective reflex response to posture, venous pooling, or external stimuli…

…etiologies when promptly and appropriately addressed. Both venous and arterial blood gases can be utilized for the analysis of electrolyte levels. Electrocardiography (ECG) serves as…

…the urinary tract. Marked bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome or high grade AV block without pacemaker protection. Asthma and other marked obstructive airways disease — relative; the…

…where the pads would go. Transvenous pacing: the relative contraindications are the same as for a central venous catheter — coagulopathy, infection at the puncture site…