…al. The effects of calcium and sodium bicarbonate on severe hyperkalaemia during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a retrospective cohort study of adult in hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation…

…hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, circulatory failure, sepsis, stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, seizure, poisoning and severe withdrawal. 4. Establish whether the condition is new or clearly worse than baseline…

…necrosis. It is characterized by prolonged angina at rest, usually lasting more than 20 minutes; new severe angina; an accelerating pattern with increasing frequency, duration…

…arterial blood gas. Acute critical illness during initial stabilisation — cardiac arrest, shock, sepsis, major trauma, unconsciousness — until the saturation can be measured reliably. Conditions in…

…from conditions such as sepsis, myocarditis, or takotsubo syndrome, while chronic myocardial injury may be seen in heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and severe valvular heart disease…

…Acute pancreatitis, pancreas surgery, alkalosis (hyperventilation), rhabdomyolysis, septicemia (sepsis), osteolytic cancer metastases, abnormal calcium absorption (gastrointestinal) and resorption (from primary urine), renal failure, small bowel…

…hypothermia , caution applies in: Ongoing uncontrolled bleeding or marked coagulopathy. Severe sepsis and septic shock. Already marked hypothermia from another cause — warm the patient instead…

…over the counter preparations, herbal remedies, contrast media and recently stopped drugs. 8. Treat sepsis, bleeding, shock, hypoxia and any other underlying cause immediately. 9…

…nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, apathy, confusion, impaired reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brainstem herniation and death. Table 2. Grading of hyponatremia…

…of breathing, level of consciousness and PEF improve at the same time. Acute severe asthma is characterised by bronchospasm, mucosal oedema and mucus plugging. Expiratory…