…infarction. Ebstein's anomaly (Figure 1). Carcinoid heart disease. Endocarditis (common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the right ventricle…

…implies that the left ventricle dilates, which induces irreversible cellular and extracellular processes that ultimately lead to heart failure. This initially results in greater diastolic…

…coronary perfusion (i.e myocardial ischemia and angina pectoris), ventricular dysfunction (heart failure) and arrhythmias. The annual risk of sudden cardiac arrest is <1% and…

…to 5 mg (two tablets) on days 1 and 2 in patients over 75, with a weight below 60 kg, heart failure, hepatic impairment, malnutrition…

…Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and rheumatic fever. Aortic dissection rupturing into the pericardium. Idiopathic pericardial effusion. Renal failure, hypothyroidism…

…of the mitral valve orifice. There are many causes of mitral stenosis, the most common of which are rheumatic heart disease, congenital malformations, radiation complications…

…Often, the medication must be continued despite the emergence of bradycardia (e.g beta blockers in heart failure), which means that the pacemaker is indicated…

…concentric remodelling, reduced longitudinal strain and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are more frequent in women. Diabetes confers greater cardiovascular risk in women than…

…makes positioning impossible. Severe angina, heart failure or recent myocardial infarction. Red flags — investigate further instead Finding Suggests : : Nystagmus that is purely vertical, downbeating or…

…0.5 or toe pressure < 30 mmHg. Decompensated heart failure — compression of both legs acutely increases preload. Untreated deep vein thrombosis in the acute…