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Wound suturing

…where the base cannot be inspected or irrigated clean. Wounds with retained foreign material or devitalised tissue that cannot be removed. A clinically infected wound…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…bacteria. Endocarditis can lead to the destruction of the valvular apparatus, as well as to embolization in the systemic circulation. The complications can be fatal…

Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With SPECT and PET

…in selected circumstances, myocardial viability. Both techniques rely on intravenous radiopharmaceuticals that are taken up by myocardial tissue. The distribution of retained tracer provides tomographic…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…Their clinical importance arises from the causal role of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) and other apoB containing lipoproteins in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…incidence of heart failure has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel…

Heart failure: Introduction

…incidence of heart failure has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel…

The 3-phase model of sudden cardiac arrest

…after inducing VF. As evident in Figure 1, ATP concentrations decline rapidly. After 5 minutes of VF, approximately 50% of the ATP remained. Figure 1…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…refined carbohydrates, sugars and meats. In secondary prevention, randomized trials in people with established coronary disease found fewer cardiovascular events with Mediterranean dietary interventions than…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…use in adult patients is generally discouraged. However, it retains a specific niche in contemporary cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. The pharmacologic foundation of digoxin lies in its…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…Before audiometry or the fitting of a hearing aid. Recurrent otitis externa in which the wax retains moisture. Contraindications Absolute contraindications to irrigation: A known…

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