…0.4 0.8 2.1 Table 1. Survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest due to external causes ( Kitamura et al). References DeBehnke DJ…

…is characterised by myocyte necrosis and troponin elevation due to mechanisms other than myocardial ischaemia. Acute myocardial injury may arise from conditions such as sepsis…

…main clinical rule Two questions determine the initial management: 1. Does the patient have severe neurological symptoms that may be due to the hyponatraemia? 2…

…classification comprises five groups: Group 1: Pulmonary arterial hypertension Group 2: PH due to left heart disease Group 3: PH due to chronic lung disease…

…the right ventricle with echocardiography The right ventricle is relatively difficult to examine, which is due to the location of the ventricle in the thorax…

…resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is given irrespective of the saturation according to international guidelines are decompression sickness and sickle cell crisis…

…paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute contraindications other than the conditions in which the procedure is the wrong treatment : Aortic…

…respiratory, metabolic, musculoskeletal and psychological complications. Symptoms and conditions that should prompt assessment include: Hypertension Dyspnoea Exercise intolerance Congestive HF CAD Palpitations or suspected atrial…

…antipsychotics, which mainly affect individual symptoms. Initial management ABCDE and immediate tests Assess the withdrawal and other life threatening conditions at the same time. Sec

…are common to all protocols. Children, pregnant women and patients with advanced renal failure, marked heart failure or circulatory shock require a specific protocol and…