…arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let…

…perforator of the left anterior descending artery was associated with lower five year survival than a more distal lesion. Revascularisation improves myocardial blood flow and…

…radiotracers emit gamma photons directly. These gamma rays are detected by gamma cameras to create tomographic images of the left ventricle. In PET (Positron Emission…

…incidence of cardiogenic shock complicating STEMI has fallen with prompt reperfusion and reduction of infarct size. Earlier estimates approached 20%, whereas contemporary trials and observational…

…Reduction in glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration Decreased tubular energy demand and oxygen consumption Natriuresis and diuresis Reduction in plasma volume, preload and afterload Lower left…

…to 69% Lower normal limit 55% Ejection fraction is routinely examined at rest, which does not reveal the functional (maximum) capacity of the left ventricle…

…more effective than lower doses in preventing hospitalization. Abrupt withdrawal of treatment with an ACE inhibitor may lead to clinical deterioration and should be avoided…

…Condition Overall strategy Common first choices : : : Acute aortic syndrome Immediate rate control and rapid reduction of the systolic blood pressure towards 100 to 120 mmHg…

…to BNP and NT proBNP in heart failure (HF). The biologically active natriuretic peptides promote vasodilation, renal sodium and water excretion, and reduction of cardiac…

…may be subclinical. Progressive dilation can subsequently impair left ventricular ejection fraction. Enlargement of the left ventricle predisposes to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In advanced…