…hypokalaemia. Aim for a serum potassium in the upper normal range, around 4.0–4.5 mmol/L, and continue replacement throughout the treatment. This…

…Marked atopic disease, particularly severe asthma and a history of anaphylaxis — a relative contraindication; the test is then performed with preparedness for anaphylaxis. An untreated…

…afternoon and evening. See the quick reference on inpatient insulin therapy Peptic ulcer A proton pump inhibitor with concomitant NSAID use or a history of…

…or those undergoing aortic valve replacement [1, 5, 10]. A history of increasing frequency of hospitalizations and visits for heart failure without disease recognition in…

…Contraindications Asthma and COPD. Adenosine has caused mild to moderate exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Adenosine should be used with caution in patients with obstructive lung…

…long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with a three way tap…

…therapy Increase diuretic dose and/or combine diuretic classes Diuretic resistance or end stage renal failure Consider renal replacement therapy Hypoperfusion with persistent organ injury…

…with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of…

…Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in…

…the management of delirium in intensive care. Renal replacement therapy Absolute indications: refractory hyperkalaemia, refractory acidosis, refractory fluid overload, uraemic symptoms (pericarditis, encephalopathy) and certain…

…min/1.73 m² Abnormal urinalysis or renal imaging Risk of progression rises with proteinuria and depends on cause 2 60 mL/min/1.73…

…by the gradual loss of myocardial cells, which are replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. This process begins in the epicardium and gradually moves towards…

…g in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10 minutes. Dilute immediately before use…

…and initiation of renal replacement therapy. The study found no significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to either the primary or secondary…

…In patients with previous myocardial infarction and residual inflammation, defined by hsCRP ≥2 mg/L, it produced a modest reduction in a composite of cardiovascular…

…Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long…