…after pituitary surgery or radiotherapy, or with suspected suppression of the HPA axis after long term glucocorticoid treatment. A basal morning cortisol in the grey…

…cardiomyopathy that predominantly affects the right ventricle. ARVC is defined by the gradual loss of myocardial cells, which are replaced by fat and fibrous tissue…

…antihypertensives, should prompt clinical suspicion [1]. Cardiac Signs and Symptoms Patients often present with symptoms of predominant right heart failure, including lower extremity edema, ascites…

…of the heart to provide blood flow appropriate to tissue requirements unless filling pressures are elevated. Consequently, congestion may occur across the full range of…

…Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long…

…Potassium replacement is not the management of a side effect; it is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with symptoms or a rising…

…about suppression of the HPA axis, where a long half life produces more marked suppression. Stress dosing in known adrenal insufficiency A patient with primary…

…names : Adenocor Mechanism of action Adenosine works by slowing down the impulse transmission through the atrioventricular (AV) node, thereby interfering with the pathway that enables…

…is flexed. The dorsum of the hand is suitable for finer cannulae. Avoid the lower limb in adults. In shock with collapsed vessels, the antecubital…

…with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of…

…of both hypovolaemia and venous congestion. 4. Take an urgent panel: creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate or blood gas, calcium, phosphate, glucose and a full…

…on the ventilator. See the article on confusion for the management of delirium in intensive care. Renal replacement therapy Absolute indications: refractory hyperkalaemia, refractory acidosis…

…mL/min/1.73 m² Abnormal urinalysis or renal imaging Risk of progression rises with proteinuria and depends on cause 2 60 mL/min/1…

…g in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10 minutes. Dilute immediately before use…

…and initiation of renal replacement therapy. The study found no significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to either the primary or secondary…

…In patients with previous myocardial infarction and residual inflammation, defined by hsCRP ≥2 mg/L, it produced a modest reduction in a composite of cardiovascular…