…protocol. Usually a bolus followed by repeated doses or an infusion Suspected adrenal crisis Give the corticosteroid immediately. Do not wait for laboratory results. Take…

…which are replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. This process begins in the epicardium and gradually moves towards the endocardium. As the fibrofatty replacement progresses…

…points — follow the local instructions, but where the response is equivocal both are valuable. 7. Observe the patient throughout the test and for 15 minutes

…0–4.5 mmol/L, and continue replacement throughout the treatment. This is the prerequisite for the urine pH to be able to rise. 4…

…g in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10 minutes. Dilute immediately before use…

…or those undergoing aortic valve replacement [1, 5, 10]. A history of increasing frequency of hospitalizations and visits for heart failure without disease recognition in…

CPR Hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia Hyperthermia is characterized by a body temperature exceeding the typical range of 36.5 37.6°C (97.7 99.7°F…

…catheterization for the assessment of tricuspid stenosis. Yet, there is no consensus regarding grading of tricuspid stenosis severity. Tricuspid stenosis is visually characterized by thickened…

…or anuria for at least 12 hours Use whichever criterion gives the higher stage. A patient can thus be stage 3 by urine output despite…

…on the ventilator. See the article on confusion for the management of delirium in intensive care. Renal replacement therapy Absolute indications: refractory hyperkalaemia, refractory acidosis…

…the tourniquet 10–15 cm proximal to the intended puncture site, let the arm hang, ask the patient to pump with the hand, and pa

…pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by abnormalities of renal structure or function that persist for more than 3 months and have health implications…

…coronary syndrome. The available evidence supports consideration of low dose colchicine as an adjunct to, rather than a replacement for, established secondary prevention treatment. Its…

…renal replacement therapy Hypoperfusion with persistent organ injury Consider mechanical circulatory support Refractory advanced disease Consider palliative care Right ventricular failure is characterized by increased…

…renal replacement therapy. Pediatric patients Body weight < 50 kg: Initial dose: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg Second dose: Increase the dose by…

…and thus the selection between them may be guided by individual patient needs rather than by a distinct advantage of one drug over the other…