…Aspirate and biopsy answer different questions and do not replace one another: the aspirate shows cellular morphology and provides material for flow cytometry and genetics…

…ones [5]. For acute clinical use the following simplification can be used: Grade Clinical picture Management : : : Mild allergic reaction Skin or mucosa only, stable breathing…

…PCI), or medical management. The standard post ACS regimen is DAPT for 12 months, generally consisting of low dose aspirin and a potent P2Y12 inhibitor…

…Transfusion restores circulating volume, oxygen transport and haemostatic capacity, but it cannot compensate for an uncontrolled source of bleeding. Minimise the time to surgery, endoscopy…

…Transcutaneous pacing takes seconds to start and can keep a patient alive until a transvenous lead is in place — but only if it is working…

…in the emergency department for acute dyspnoea should not be transferred directly to patients with less acute outpatient symptoms. Natriuretic peptides supplement, rather than replace…

…3D measurements will presumably replace 2D measurements in the future. Cardiac MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is considered the gold standard for the calculation of ejection…

…mode only analyzes a single ultrasound line, its temporal and axial resolution is very high, as compared with 2D echocardiography. M mode is useful for…

…is defined by the gradual loss of myocardial cells, which are replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. This process begins in the epicardium and gradually…

…commonly mitral stenosis). Simultaneous tricuspid regurgitation is also common. Echocardiography Echocardiography has replaced catheterization for the assessment of tricuspid stenosis. Yet, there is no consensus…

…non specific for SCD. Most people who die suddenly never had an ejection fraction measured before death, and among those who did, only a minority…

…volumes, and pressure conditions in the heart. These techniques allow for the calculation of all clinically relevant hemodynamic parameters, with few exceptions. Prior to the…

…Refer to Figure 1 for an example. The premature ventricular impulse replaces a sinus beat and induces a delay to the next sinus beat (the…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…30–60 minutes and persists for up to 7 days after discontinuation because platelet inhibition is irreversible. Aspirin acts through only one platelet activation pathway…

ECG Principles of myocardial excitability Myocardium is excitable not only by action potentials originating in the sinus node, but also by external electrical stimuli that…

…The necrotic myocardium is replaced by dense collagenous scar, interspersed with surviving bundles of myocytes that form the slow conducting isthmuses critical for re entry …