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Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…not be taken to mean that an electronic alert replaces clinical judgement [5]. Recognising sepsis Suspected or confirmed infection together with new organ dysfunction must…

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration After Acute Coronary Syndromes and Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

…a large network meta analysis, 3 month DAPT, but not 6 month DAPT, was associated with higher rates of myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis in…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Procedurer Aspirate and biopsy answer different questions and do not replace one another: the aspirate shows cellular morphology and provides material for flow cytometry and…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…delay adrenaline in order to identify or remove the allergen. 2. Give adrenaline 1 mg/ml intramuscularly into the middle third of the anterolateral thigh…

De-escalation and Shortened Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients at High Bleeding Risk

…events after coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or medical management. The standard post ACS regimen is DAPT for 12 months, generally consisting of low…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…uncontrolled source of bleeding. Minimise the time to surgery, endoscopy, an obstetric procedure or angiographic intervention. Summon anaesthesia, the operating specialty, the blood bank and…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…an infusion of isoprenaline, adrenaline or dopamine according to local practice, and does not replace pacing when the patient is markedly unstable. Transcutaneous pacing Equipment…

Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…hyperdynamic states In cardiac amyloidosis, BNP or NT proBNP may be markedly elevated even when overt congestion is not apparent. Such a discrepancy should prompt…

Assessing left ventricular systolic function

…greater precision in the calculation of ejection fraction, and 3D measurements will presumably replace 2D measurements in the future. Cardiac MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…mode was previously the dominating modality in echocardiography. Although it has now largely been replaced by 2D echocardiography, it is still used in clinical practice…

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