Procedurer Aspirate and biopsy answer different questions and do not replace one another: the aspirate shows cellular morphology and provides material for flow cytometry and…

…corticosteroids, inhaled bronchodilators and nebulised adrenaline never replace intramuscular adrenaline [1,2]. Delayed administration of adrenaline is associated with more severe and more protracted reactions…

…bleeding risk. These strategies are intended primarily to reduce bleeding rather than to replace the default 12 month regimen in the general ACS population. Clinical…

…and an increased transfusion requirement. Pregnancy, medication and arrhythmia affect its interpretation. The shock index must never replace clinical assessment [1]. In trauma, the AB

…adrenaline or dopamine according to local practice, and does not replace pacing when the patient is markedly unstable. Transcutaneous pacing Equipment A defibrillator with a…

…transferred directly to patients with less acute outpatient symptoms. Natriuretic peptides supplement, rather than replace, clinical assessment. The result should be integrated with the history…

…greater precision in the calculation of ejection fraction, and 3D measurements will presumably replace 2D measurements in the future. Cardiac MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is…

…mode was previously the dominating modality in echocardiography. Although it has now largely been replaced by 2D echocardiography, it is still used in clinical practice…

…is defined by the gradual loss of myocardial cells, which are replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. This process begins in the epicardium and gradually…

…commonly mitral stenosis). Simultaneous tricuspid regurgitation is also common. Echocardiography Echocardiography has replaced catheterization for the assessment of tricuspid stenosis. Yet, there is no consensus…