…and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis — in that case add toe pressure measurement…

…inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) that include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, vasculitides, mixed connective tissue disease, myositis, Sjögren syndrome…

…for example in pregnancy, acute glomerular disease or scleroderma renal crisis [1,2]. A hypertensive emergency means a markedly raised blood pressure together with ongoing…

…pressure in that leg ÷ highest arm pressure of the two arms Interpretation ABI Interpretation Action : : : 1.40 Incompressible vessels — medial sclerosis Measure the toe pressure…

…amputees, patients with hepatic cirrhosis — creatinine based eGFR substantially overestimates renal function. Staging of chronic kidney disease Stage eGFR Description : : : G1 ≥ 90 Normal or high…

…daily 1 g two to three times daily Pivmecillinam Dosed independently of renal function for a single course of treatment Trimethoprim 160 mg twice daily…

…the pulmonary embolism quick reference for risk stratification. Renal function eGFR (mL/min) Management : : 50 Standard dose, creatinine checked at least annually 30 50 Dose…

…causing afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction and reducing glomerular hyperfiltration. The cardiovascular and renal effects extend beyond glycaemic control. Proposed mechanisms include: Reduction in glomerular hypertension and…

…to sinus rhythm. Biomarkers and Laboratory Findings Renal function biomarkers are essential in the evaluation and ongoing management of patients on sotalol. Because the drug…

[calc_mdrd] The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation for estimating the Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is: eGFR = 175 × (Scr)^ 1…