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Opioid therapy in severe pain

…when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or when a conversion between drugs is made without reduction for incomplete cross…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…through intimal thickening. DES release antiproliferative and anti inflammatory agents from the stent surface and have substantially reduced this process compared with BMS. Neoatherosclerosis Neoatherosclerosis…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…estimated quantity the time, and whether the intake was single or repeated a modified release preparation or a combination product concurrent drugs, alcohol and illicit…

Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Clinical Significance

…and atherosclerosis. Ectopic fat deposited around or within the heart and kidneys may exert direct compressive effects and releases additional inflammatory and profibrotic mediators. Perinephric…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…absolute contraindications. Take care in: Anticoagulant therapy — this rarely needs to be stopped for small biopsies, but have diathermy or aluminium chloride available. Infection in…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically, UA is defined by one or more of the following…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…Modified release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…a dialysis patient, in severe acute kidney injury, in treatment failure or in ongoing massive potassium release. In cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalaemia, advanced life…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…troponin release that does not fulfil the criteria for ischaemic myocardial infarction. It may be acute, when serial troponin values show a dynamic change, or…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…is myocardial ischaemia caused by an acute coronary process. Myocardial injury leads to release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial…

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