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Opioid therapy in severe pain

…at lower doses than for pain). An opioid is rarely the right choice in nociplastic or neuropathic pain, in chronic non cancer pain, or in…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…the acromion and the lower tip of the muscle insertion. 3. Stretch the skin with the thumb and index finger, or compress the muscle in…

Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…including constriction Right ventricular dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism Infiltrative cardiomyopathies, particularly cardiac amyloidosis Sepsis and other hyperdynamic states In cardiac amyloidosis, BNP or NT…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…or belching. Radiation to both arms or shoulders has a particularly strong association with myocardial infarction in the cited clinical data, although right arm radiation…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically, UA is defined by one or more of the following…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…Modified release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…a dialysis patient, in severe acute kidney injury, in treatment failure or in ongoing massive potassium release. In cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalaemia, advanced life…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…estimated quantity the time, and whether the intake was single or repeated a modified release preparation or a combination product concurrent drugs, alcohol and illicit…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…a lower threshold for symptom provocation; or angina occurring after a recent MI. Myocardial injury is separate from MI. It refers to cardiac troponin release…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…its substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS). Clinical ISR is generally defined by recurrent symptoms or ischaemic…

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