…60 mmHg A narrow pulse pressure suggests a low stroke volume Capillary refill < 3 s A simple and validated marker of perfusion Lactate <…

…aims in themselves. Almost all of them have proved to work better as ranges to stay within than as figures to strive for. Ventilation In…

…ventricular myocardium must relax rapidly during diastole, such that the ventricle can expand (relax) and refill with blood. Although diastole may appear as a simple…

…Lung auscultation Pulse oximetry ( 95%) C Circulation Skin color Sweating Capillary refill time (<2 s) Palpate pulse Heart auscultation Blood pressure ECG monitoring D Disability…

…or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal…

…below 65 mmHg or the hypotension is marked. Do not wait for a central venous catheter Continuously Reassess the mental state, capillary refill, skin temperature…

…of the bleeding clinically Signs of major or ongoing bleeding are: hypotension or a postural drop tachycardia a cold periphery and delayed capillary refill confusion…

…to its depth, and has not been assessed for tendon and nerve injury will heal badly however neatly the suture is placed. The commonest cause…

…may progress rapidly to irreversible tissue injury. Skeletal muscle and nerves generally tolerate ischaemia for approximately 4–6 hours, making ALI a medical emergency in…