…also exhibits some type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI) activity, which may contribute to its inotropic profile. The drug possesses an active, acetylated metabolite with a…

…short for routine use, but it may be considered in selected patients with a high bleeding risk. Shorter approaches should therefore be reserved for circumstances…

…in the hospital. Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline on the management of hyperglycaemia in hospitalised adults. The summary of product characteristics for each insulin preparation.

…guideline systems: Classification Fasting triglycerides Non fasting triglycerides Mild to moderate HTG 150–499 mg/dL (1.7–5.6 mmol/L) in some guidance…

…cerebrovascular disease. PA is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction and heart failure. Compared with patients with primary hypertension matched for age, sex…

…Place in lipid lowering therapy General treatment sequence High intensity statin therapy remains the foundation of lipid lowering treatment for patients with chronic coronary syndrome…

…Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside present throughout the body that interacts with G protein coupled A1 receptors located on the extracellular surface of cardiac cells…

…some form of statin therapy after systematic reassessment and rechallenge. The principal manifestation is statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). These range from diffuse myalgia with…

…owing to changes in intra and extracellular electrolyte concentrations. Some electrolyte imbalances are clinically negligible (from an electrophysiological standpoint), whereas others may be life threatening…

…the "healthy" range can still harbor significant metabolic risk. 3 For patients with a BMI below 35 kg/m², direct assessments such as waist circumference…

…Systemic Dopamine 1 (D1) receptor agonist. • Lowers blood pressure while maintaining or increasing kidney perfusion. Effects Dopamine 1 receptor agonists lower systemic blood pressure and…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiological rationale Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) denotes treatment with aspirin plus a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. In the…

…Relatively cardioselective (beta 1 receptor blocker) beta blocker with ultra short acting effect. • Half life: 9 minutes. Effects • Esmolol is a beta adrenergic receptor blocker…

…are less specific for FH. Corneal arcus is particularly informative when it occurs before age 45 years. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia HoFH typically presents with: Extensive…

…maximally tolerated statin therapy and ezetimibe. For patients with a recurrent atherothrombotic event while receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy, an LDL C goal below 1…

…treated with an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Hyperuricemia may occur during treatment with ticagrelor. Caution is advised for patients with hyperuricemia or gout. Use of…

…role Aspirin remains the traditional antiplatelet agent for long term secondary prevention in patients with established coronary disease, including those with or without previous MI…

…angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), or a reduced requirement for antihypertensives, should prompt clinical suspicion [1]. Cardiac Signs and Symptoms Patients often present with symptoms…

…not a neprilysin substrate, it remains more closely related to the clinical state during treatment with an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor. Clinical Applications Natriuretic peptides…

…level C. The European regulatory threshold described in the source material differs from the trial based threshold: ivabradine was approved for patients with HFrEF, LVEF…

…until outpatient follow up. High intensity statin treatment is recommended for all patients with ACS to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events. Therapy should preferably begin…

…of diabetes and cardiovascular disease than total adiposity alone. The waist circumference associated with risk varies among populations, reflecting differences in fat distribution and ethnicity…

…convulsion, tachycardia, hypotension, coma. As above but with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia. Body…

…hospitalization for heart failure is 60%, which is comparable to common cancers ( Stewart et al ). In addition, heart failure is a disabling condition with a…

…hospitalization for heart failure is 60%, which is comparable to common cancers ( Stewart et al ). In addition, heart failure is a disabling condition with a…

…The transition from a quiescent plaque to a highly thrombogenic surface occurs via three primary mechanisms: Plaque Rupture: Accounting for 60 70% of ACS presentations…

…A2A receptor agonist : A2A receptors are responsible for coronary vasodilation. This selectivity minimizes activation of A1, A2B, and A3 receptors, which are associated with adverse…

…that, unlike the classic LDL receptor, are not downregulated by intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Consequently, macrophages indiscriminately phagocytose oxLDL until they become engorged with lipid droplets…

…at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and planned follow up , not merely detoxification…

…pharmacodynamic effects. We provide a direct PubMed search for each drug and we recommend the reader to use this link to assess the literature. Medical…

…is currently the only treatment with class I recommendation according to European (ESC) and North American (AHA, ACC) guidelines. For details regarding the management of…

…to its clinical use. After the initial treatment phase, administration is required only twice annually. This may reduce the adherence barriers associated with more frequent…

…reference for their use in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating theatre. Careful electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring with…

…drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG…

…other methylxanthines, which antagonize adenosine receptors, should be avoided for at least 12 hours before testing. Dobutamine : Contraindicated in patients with severe hypertension, unstable angina…

…drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG…

…tone in the autonomic nervous system, with increased sympathetic input (leading to stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors) and parasympathetic withdrawal. Sinus tachycardia secondary to disease…