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Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…set a lower goal regarding workload (e.g. reaching 70% of maximal pulse instead of 85%). Many patients appreciate the exercise test because it offers…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

…jet reaching liver veins Additional quantitative parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Jet size < 5cm² 5 10 cm² 10 cm² size vena cava…

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…node dysfunction is an umbrella term for conditions that either affect the automaticity of the sinoatrial node or block the impulse from reaching the atria…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…on the slit lamp, or a hand held device (iCare, Tono Pen). Procedure Systematic examination 1. Visual acuity in each eye separately , with the patient…

🟠 Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery pressure

…RVD 2), cm 2.7–3.3 3.4–3.7 3.8–4.1 4.2 Base to apex length (RVD 3), cm 7…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…lung, fat, and skin, with myocardial concentrations reaching 10 to 50 times those found in plasma. Plasma clearance is low, renal excretion is negligible, and…

Pre-excitation, Atrioventricular Reentrant (Reentry) Tachycardia (AVRT), Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome

…that the atrioventricular node does, and this means that any impulse reaching the accessory pathways may travel directly to the ventricles without any delay. Hence…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…of severe regurgitation; the leakage usually ends early in diastole, which is evident by the spectral curve reaching the baseline before the end of diastole.

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…and inspection of the nail bed, with suture of any nail bed laceration Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications, but be cautious and consider referral…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…arch without involvement of the ascending aorta or represents retrograde extension from the descending aorta into the arch that stops before reaching the ascending aorta…

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