…VA can occur as part of a more generalized vasospastic syndrome with migraine or Raynaud phenomenon. Associations have also been described with aspirin induced asthma…

…marked peripheral arterial disease, Raynaud's phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans. An arm with an AV fistula or with planned vascular access for dialysis. Previous vascular surgery…

…pinna. Autoimmune disease with Raynaud's phenomenon. Preparation and equipment Liquid nitrogen in a flask (−196 °C) and a cryospray gun with interchangeable nozzles, or…