…a rapidly progressive multisystem reaction Intramuscular adrenaline immediately Severe anaphylaxis Hypoxia, marked bronchospasm, stridor, hypotension, collapse or impaired consciousness Adrenaline, oxygen, intravenous access, fluid and…

…kidney injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine value alone but by the course, urine…

…organ damage should not normally be lowered rapidly with intravenous drugs. Such treatment has not been shown to improve the prognosis and can cause hypotension…

…rapidly progressive organ dysfunction, respiratory failure, impaired consciousness, or a need for a vasopressor After initial stabilisation Repeat the lactate if it was raised and…

…and other conditions incorporated into validated clinical risk tools Acute RV failure is a rapidly progressive syndrome characterized by systemic congestion resulting from impaired RV…

…immediate consideration of a mechanical complication. Clinical deterioration may be abrupt or progressive, and cardiogenic shock may develop rapidly. Ventricular septal rupture VSR typically causes…

…flow. Ischaemia initially produces pain and sensory disturbance. With progression, motor dysfunction develops, followed by profound anaesthesia, paralysis, muscle rigidity and ultimately major tissue loss…

…is relatively uncommon in the first decade, rises progressively through adulthood and becomes less steep in later life, although diagnoses may still occur after the…

…rhythm, rapid progression of R waves in precordial leads. Slight ST segment elevation in leads V2 V3, which is normal in men and women. ECG…

…based on observational data ( e.g compression rate and depth). With current strategies, compressions and ventilations can generate a cardiac output equivalent to 15 25…

…long axis. With regards to echocardiography, this implies that the following planes are used: short axis, vertical long axis, and horizontal long axis. These three…

…neutropenic fever is limited, but delayed antibiotics are associated with a worse outcome in sepsis and in several studies of neutropenic patients. In septic shock…

…Rapidly inactivated by esterases. Effects • Clevidipine is a dihydropyridine L type calcium channel blocker. Clevidipine is highly selective for vascular smooth muscle cells and has…

…mechanism. Sequential activation implies that the atria are activated first and they fill the ventricles with adequate volumes of blood before ventricular contraction commences. To…

…to send and analyze sound waves. The crystals alternate rapidly between sending and analyzing ultrasound. Therefore, emitted sound waves can be associated with reflected sound…

…myocardial relaxation. The degree and velocity of relaxation are the key parameters. Ideally, relaxation should proceed rapidly and the ventricle should expand substantially. This requires…

…must be initiated momentarily to maximize the probability of survival. Several actions must be executed systematically and rapidly. These actions constitute the chain of survival (…

…held with one hand and its position and angle are adjusted to send ultrasound waves through structures to be visualized. Ultrasound waves are emitted rapidly…

…rapidly through secure intravenous or intraosseous access. Grading There is no entirely uniform international grading. The following division is clinically useful and is consistent with…

…loss, focal neurological signs, seizures, severe or sudden headache. Chest pain, back pain, dyspnoea, orthopnoea and new sweating. Oliguria, dark urine or rapidly developing swelling…

…salicylate poisoning, intubation with an inadequate minute ventilation can rapidly worsen the acidaemia and increase the entry of salicylate into the central nervous system. Discuss…

…defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of acute organ damage or failure…

…be associated with mesenteric ischemia or acute renal failure, either through atherosclerotic or atherothrombotic disease. Mural thrombus may predispose to peripheral embolization. Evaluation and Physical…

…identify life threatening diagnoses rapidly, and select a safe disposition and diagnostic strategy. Only a minority of patients presenting with acute chest pain ultimately have…

…is often more rapidly reversible than that of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality…

…ischemic stunning. In the absence of infarction, contractile recovery can occur rapidly after reperfusion, with recovery generally occurring within one week. By contrast, chronic hypoperfusion…

…beats per minute. Note that with a paper speed of 25 mm/s, which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2…

…half of all patients with heart failure die suddenly, as a result of ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation). Early diagnosis and aggressive management can…

…half of all patients with heart failure die suddenly, as a result of ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation). Early diagnosis and aggressive management can…

…defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of acute organ damage or failure…

…with the leadless pacemaker being the most promising improvement. 1 Given the wide use of pacemakers and the trend towards increased use of cardiac devices…

…must relax rapidly during diastole, such that the ventricle can expand (relax) and refill with blood. Although diastole may appear as a simple and passive…

…flow during each phase, with rapidly accelerating flow in early systole, decelerating flow in late systole, and no flow during diastole. Doppler is capable of…

…which decreases with increasing distance from the transducer. Frame rate The two dimensional image must be updated rapidly and continuously in order to obtain a…

…withstand large pressure increases but at a certain threshold, pressure rises rapidly with further volume increases. This is explained by the existence of an upper…

…explanation for all acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be actively considered [1]…

…the neurological outcome in cardiac arrest. High quality compressions with minimal interruptions and early defibrillation are what determine the outcome; drugs are given without pausing…

…bleeding that rapidly fills the suction, the swabs or the operative field and requires repeated units of red cells. Gastrointestinal bleeding with shock and ongoing…

…prophylactic intubation reduces aspiration or mortality. It has on the contrary been associated with more pneumonia and a longer stay, although the results are influenced…

…that interacts with G protein coupled A1 receptors located on the extracellular surface of cardiac cells. Through the guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins Gi and Go…

…consciousness. Focal neurological findings are uncommon in hypertensive encephalopathy and should prompt consideration of stroke. Acute ischemic or intracerebral haemorrhage may coexist with severe hypertension…

…T wave. The U wave is most often seen in leads V2, V3 and V4. Individuals with prominent T waves display U waves more often

…symptoms and signs of right sided heart failure may predominate. Pericardial effusions associated with post infarction pericarditis are commonly mild. A rapidly developing or large…

…material emphasizes that patients and families should be educated to recognize chest discomfort or dyspnoea as potentially indicating myocardial infarction, particularly in individuals with hypertension…

…Combination therapy with multiple antihypertensives is often necessary to normalize blood pressure. Management of hypertension requires careful consideration of other cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting…

…of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral stenosis. Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers Danlos syndrome)…

…upsloping ST segment. The depression in the J 60 point is usually <1 mm and it resolves rapidly once the exercise is stopped. Some experts…

…minutes) from circulatory collapse to initiation of CPR. During no flow there is no cerebral perfusion and brain damage progresses rapidly. Low flow : The circulation …

…demonstrate that the available interventions are time sensitive, and to maximize the likelihood of restoring spontaneous circulation, interventions should be adapted to the current phase…