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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…arterial disease, in whom AAA has been reported with a substantial cumulative incidence. The source material does not provide a detailed standardized physical examination protocol…

Exercise stress test (exercise ECG): protocols, evaluation & termination

…Patients with significant heart disease (known or unknown) may not achieve the expected maximum heart rate and it may be hazardous to push them towards…

Isoprenaline and Dopamine Infusions for Bradycardia

…sarcoidosis, rheumatic heart disease, connective tissue disease, eosinophilic myocarditis), toxins (alcohol, cocaine, cancer therapies), or physical reactions (radiation therapy), frequently involves the conduction system. In…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…Table 1. Classification of causes of cardiac arrest according to the Utstein protocol. Figure 1. Data from the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry (SCRR), showing presumed…

Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations

…propelled by breakthroughs in engineering, software development, and progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac disease. Ultrasound systems have become cheaper, more portable…

Central venous catheter

…not the subclavian. Thresholds for INR and platelet count before insertion differ between regions and departments — follow local protocol. Severe lung disease or a contralateral…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…circulation and underlying disease are monitored [3]. The management of complicated withdrawal varies between regions and units. Follow the local protocol for choice of drug…

Atrial fibrillation: quick reference for emergency management

…First choice in most cases The IV dose is titrated slowly. Caution in acute heart failure and in obstructive airways disease Verapamil or diltiazem When…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…thresholds in the stable, non bleeding patient Patient category Transfusion threshold (Hb) : : Most stable adult inpatients, including intensive care 70 g/L Known cardiovascular disease…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…Give hydrocortisone and an isotonic crystalloid. Exact doses according to the local protocol. Tapering after pharmacological treatment Duration and dose Risk of HPA suppression Tapering…

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