…complications and rupture. Aneurysmal sacs may contain mural thrombus, which can contribute to peripheral embolization and may reduce the apparent luminal diameter on contrast aortography…

…min according to the equations above, it may actually be anywhere between 140 and 180 beats per minute. Patients with significant heart disease (known or…

…and hyperkalemia. When bradycardia occurs in the context of inflammatory heart disease, it often reflects myocardial pathology that may also reduce myocardial contractility and cause…

…Table 1. Classification of causes of cardiac arrest according to the Utstein protocol. Figure 1. Data from the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry (SCRR), showing presumed…

…propelled by breakthroughs in engineering, software development, and progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac disease. Ultrasound systems have become cheaper, more portable…

…differ between regions and departments — follow local protocol. Severe lung disease or a contralateral pneumothorax: avoid the subclavian and jugular routes on the healthy side…

…circulation and underlying disease are monitored [3]. The management of complicated withdrawal varies between regions and units. Follow the local protocol for choice of drug…

…ischaemia with chest pain and ECG changes. Acute pulmonary oedema. Impaired consciousness. Synchronised cardioversion under sedation, at an energy level according to the local protocol…

…and the serological crossmatch have a limited period of validity — usually about five days — because new antibodies can form after transfusion or pregnancy. Check the…

…long period, according to the local protocol Psychiatric symptoms Sleep disturbance, hypomania, confusion. Commonest early on and at high doses Muscle weakness Steroid myopathy, with…