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Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…is the first line treatment in high risk embolism, unless there is an absolute contraindication. The agent and dose are according to the local protocol…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…not a treatment review. For a fuller account of two of the commonest acute drug problems, see Warfarin therapy and Opioid therapy in severe pain…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…before a blood count is available. The nadir often occurs 7 to 14 days after a course of chemotherapy, but the timing varies considerably between…

Urinary catheterisation

…the shape of the tip and the technique that matter, not the calibre; choose instead the smallest size that will do the job, to reduce…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…ventilation–perfusion matching, increased physiological dead space and the Haldane effect. It is therefore misleading to explain the whole phenomenon as abolition of the patie

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…is comparable to common cancers ( Stewart et al ). In addition, heart failure is a disabling condition with a very negative impact on quality of life…

Heart failure: Introduction

…is comparable to common cancers ( Stewart et al ). In addition, heart failure is a disabling condition with a very negative impact on quality of life…

Introduction to cardiac arrest

…for 50% of all years of life lost due to cardiovascular disease ( Myerburg et al ). Sudden unexpected cardiac arrest is the mechanism of death for…

Risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest

…thrombogenic and pro thrombolytic factors determines whether atherothrombosis occurs, and these factors vary from minute to minute. Only a minority of all plaque disruptions resul

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…itself leads to impaired right ventricular function, especially if the load becomes prolonged. However, most often the cause of the load is the primary problem…

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