…Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, HIV infection or other circumstances that may affect…

…coronary prevention because of fatal infections and high cost. Low dose methotrexate did not reduce cardiovascular outcomes, and several other agents, including pexelizumab, losmapimod and…

…and measure the ankle brachial index with Doppler. 4. Culture only in the presence of clinical signs of infection — all chronic wounds are colonised, and…

…an additional mechanism of dissection and impaired distal flow. These alternative causes must be distinguished from isolated no reflow because their treatment may require immediate…

…small vessels, multivessel disease, bifurcation lesions, treatment of acute myocardial infarction Procedural and mechanical Stent underexpansion, incomplete wall apposition, residual inflow or outflow disease, edge…

…Definition and pathophysiology Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major independent risk factor for thromboembolism, including ischaemic stroke. This risk applies across the clinical patterns of…

…of contraindications, using a loading dose followed by maintenance treatment. The source material does not specify the loading dose. Efficacy and harms In secondary prevention…

…statins reduce LDL C by approximately 30–55%; doubling the dose produces an additional reduction of approximately 6%. Clinical indications and treatment goals Established atherosclerotic…

…with manifest clinical disease are at high risk of progression and generally require all appropriate evidence based measures, including drug treatment and therapeutic lifestyle change…

…more structured form of physical activity undertaken to maintain or improve physical fitness. Regular physical activity is a central component of cardiovascular prevention and treatment…