Endokrinologi & metabolism Akutsjukvård Lathundar Emergency overview Measure the plasma glucose immediately in everyone with a reduced level of consciousness, seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour…

…of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG all come before complete identification of the substance. Treatment of…

…pathophysiology Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an inherited disorder characterized by persistently elevated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) from early life and a consequent…

…not exclude dangerous hyperkalaemia. Record a 12 lead ECG and start cardiac monitoring at a plasma potassium above 6.0 mmol/L, and at lower…

…The aim is to relieve the cerebral oedema quickly, not to normalise the plasma sodium. Chronic or minimally symptomatic hyponatraemia must be corrected in a…

…on the drug chart. Glucose targets on the ward Situation Target plasma glucose : : Most inpatients 6–10 mmol/L Frail older people, a short expected…

…plasma concentrations correlate well with oral doses, averaging approximately 0.5 mg/L (0.5 µg/mL) for each 100 mg/day at doses between…

…syndrome, comprises disorders in which aldosterone secretion is inappropriately increased, relatively autonomous from angiotensin II and plasma potassium, and resistant to suppression by sodium loading…

…3. Assess airway, breathing and circulation. 4. Measure the plasma glucose immediately. 5. Perform the NIHSS and document which symptoms are disabling. 6. Measure the…

…crossmatch (MG test) Serological crossmatching between the recipient's plasma and the red cells of the individual donor unit When irregular antibodies have been demonstrated…

…guide antibiotic therapy Glucose and lipids Test Threshold Comment : : : Fasting plasma glucose 4.0–6.0 mmol/L ≥ 7.0 on two occasions establishes a…

…blood ketones ≥ 3 mmol/L and acidosis, the ketosis must be treated immediately with DKA dose insulin, while the osmolality is corrected cautiously [1,3…

…the communication and the simultaneous delivery of red cells, plasma and platelets. Observational data from trauma suggest a lower overall mortality after such protocols are…

…bleeding Refrain until the condition has been corrected Marked coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia Routine plasma or platelets are not needed — the INR does not predict bleeding…

…The hypotensive effect of enalaprilat depends on plasma volume and plasma renin activity. Volume depletion and high plasma renin activity increase the effect of enalaprilat…

…Each atherogenic lipoprotein particle carries one apoB molecule. Consequently, the plasma apoB concentration approximates the number of circulating atherogenic particles rather than the amount of…

…the enzyme. By inhibiting this pump, digoxin affects multiple cellular processes critical to cardiac myocyte function, ultimately exerting a mild positive inotropic effect. Beyond its…

…90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations of the two peptides are not interchangeable. Natriuretic peptide concentrations reflect haemodynamic stress, but their release is…

…a compensatory increase in hepatic LDL receptor expression, accelerating clearance of circulating LDL particles and lowering plasma LDL C. Statin therapy also produces a modest…

…from cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological PCSK9 inhibition increases the effective availability of hepatic LDL receptors and thereby enhances LDL C removal from plasma. Two principal therapeutic…

…The resulting glucosuria and natriuresis reduce proximal tubular workload, contract plasma volume and modestly lower blood pressure. Increased sodium delivery to the macula densa restores…

…not GFR Iohexol clearance The reference method for cytotoxic drug dosing and donor assessment For drug dosing: check which measure the dosing recommendation is based…

…tube for serum or plasma cortisol according to local instructions, and a chilled EDTA tube for plasma ACTH , which must be centrifuged and frozen promptly —…

…the initial sympathetic response can give way to hypotension, hypoxia, hypoglycaemia and circulatory failure [5]. Plasma glucose immediately Check the capillary or venous glucose i

…In acute blood loss, plasma and red cells are lost simultaneously, which means the haemoglobin can be normal before fluid has redistributed or been given…

…due to reduced binding to serum albumin. Nicotinic acid: Acetylsalicylic acid may increase plasma levels of nicotinic acid, likely due to competitive inhibition of glycine…

…blood pressure by inhibiting ACE. Effects • The hypotensive effect of enalaprilat depends on plasma volume and plasma renin activity. Volume depletion and high plasma renin

…respectively. Pharmacokinetics and Administration Technique Adenosine is extensively and rapidly cleared from the plasma by cellular uptake into erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. It is…

…amyloidosis [8, 15]. AL Amyloidosis: This is a plasma cell dyscrasia in which abnormal plasma cells produce misfolded immunoglobulin light chains [8, 19]. Light chains…

…stress Vascular dysfunction Promotion of vascular calcification Albuminuria and proteinuria Neurohormonal activation Plasma volume expansion Myocardial remodelling and fibrosis These processes form part of the…

…Warfarin Vitamin K Fresh frozen plasma Prothrombin complex concentrate Actions in suspected poisoning and cardiac arrest Promptly contact the closest intensive care unit (ICU) possessing…

…whenever they seek medical attention. Arrhythmias may occur already at therapeutic plasma levels of digoxin in the setting of hypokalemia. Arrhythmias caused by digoxin Digoxin…

…These are of utmost clinical significance. There is a rather strong correlation between plasma potassium level and ECG changes, as well as the risk of…

…blood pressure by inhibiting ACE. Effects • The hypotensive effect of enalaprilat depends on plasma volume and plasma renin activity. Volume depletion and high plasma renin

…infusion. This delayed onset is attributable to its active metabolite, which reaches maximum plasma concentration approximately 48 hours after the infusion has been completed. Furthermore…

…most commonly used formula. However, all above listed formulas were developed many decades ago and they have multiple drawbacks. For example, Bazett's formula is…

…function and catecholamine toxicity. The latter theory is corroborated by the finding that 75% of patients have increased plasma levels of catecholamines. References A recent…