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In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…hyperplasia following vessel wall injury. PCI and stent implantation produce local vascular injury and initiate a sustained inflammatory and reparative response. Proliferation and accumulation of…

Abscess incision and drainage

…abscess, hidradenitis abscess and paronychia with a collection of pus. Persistent painful induration after a few days of antibiotics — suggests that an abscess has formed…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…heart failure. Routine opening of a persistently occluded infarct related artery in a stable and asymptomatic patient is by contrast not recommended [1,5]. STEMI…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…NIV without undue delay in persistent hypercapnic respiratory acidosis, if invasive ventilation is not immediately required. 8. Document the ceiling of care and the decision…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the head relative to gravity: perform Dix Hallpike and, if needed…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…sometimes longer Persisting withdrawal, particularly after previous severe episodes, with concurrent physical illness or after prolonged very high intake More than 90 percent of withdrawal…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…with anaesthesia or intensive care Refractory anaphylaxis Persisting airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of adrenaline and initial fluid treatment Adrenaline…

Electrical cardioversion

…level of consciousness. Unstable monomorphic VT with a pulse. Pre excitation with atrial fibrillation and a very rapid ventricular rate. Elective or subacute: Symptomatic persistent…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…of raised intracranial pressure or impending herniation Moderately severe symptoms New confusion Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness Marked gait instability The specificity of…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…syndrome and in marked renal failure. Duration of treatment: at least 3 months. Extended treatment in unprovoked pulmonary embolism, a persisting risk factor, or recurrence…

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