…Give small boluses, for example 250 to 500 mL, with immediate reassessment of the blood pressure, pulse, peripheral perfusion, mental state and chest findings. Avoid

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and pathophysiology Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a clinical disorder caused by stenosis or occlusion of the aorta or arteries supplying…

…peripheral vasoconstriction, impaired consciousness, a rising lactate or a worsening acidosis. An assessed need for at least 4 units of red cells within 1 hour…

…of long term outcomes after revascularization. It incorporates both anatomical (from the original SYNTAX Score) and clinical variables (e.g., age, sex, renal function, left…

…arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous…

…risk of rapid deterioration. Intraosseous access: Cardiac arrest where venous access is not immediately available. Shock, severe trauma, burns or status epilepticus when peripheral access…

Procedurer The ankle brachial index is the cheapest and most accessible method of objectively demonstrating peripheral arterial disease, and it is needed more often than…

…decreases total peripheral resistance, decreases systemic blood pressure, and decreases afterload. Nicardipine has antianginal and antihypertensive effects. Time to onset of action 5 to 15…

…exceed available blood flow. The resulting ischaemia threatens skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves and may progress rapidly to irreversible tissue injury. Skeletal muscle and nerves…

…hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA), coronary artery…