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Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…of the parameters that must be evaluated and the final result of the test depends on an integrated assessment of six components: Symptoms Exercise performance…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…treatment. Missed doses or abrupt withdrawal of a beta blocker, clonidine or another sympatholytic drug. Cocaine, amfetamine, other sympathomimetics, herbal remedies and performance enhancing preparations…

Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and Revascularization Decisions

…key trials supporting each. A more detailed mechanistic discussion of each index follows in Section 2, and a guideline oriented comparison (procedural requirements, validated cutoffs…

What is the difference between cardioversion and defibrillation for arrhythmias?

…Performance involves sedation (e.g., intravenous midazolam, propofol, or etomidate), routine blood pressure and oximetry monitoring, availability of atropine, isoproterenol, or transcutaneous pacing for post…

🟠 HEMORR₂HAGES Bleeding Risk Score

…High 12.3 Interpretation of HEMORR₂HAGES score. Comparison with ATRIA and HAS BLED Scores Several studies have compared the predictive performance of HEMORR₂HAGES with other…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…of congestion or impaired cardiac performance rather than by ejection fraction alone. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by: Symptoms and/or…

🟠 ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Bleeding Risk Score

…Components of the ATRIA Score The ATRIA score assigns points based on five clinical factors: Anemia: Hemoglobin <13 g/dL in men or <12 g…

Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction

…remains fundamentally one of impaired cardiac performance, in which the heart cannot provide blood flow commensurate with the body’s requirements or can do so…

Right Ventricular Infarction: Recognition and Haemodynamic Management

…characterized by manifestations of severe right ventricular failure. Typical findings include: Jugular venous distension Kussmaul’s sign Hepatomegaly Hypotension, which may or may not be…

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