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Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…even in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, though those with depressed ejection fraction should receive it with great caution due to the risk of hypotension…

Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…systematic differential diagnosis, as the syndrome associated with ischemic heart disease is broader than chest pain itself, encompassing symptoms like tightness, pressure, and discomfort in…

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR)

…centers and is generally reserved for meticulously selected cases. Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) encompasses several extracorporeal systems designed to assist in cases of cardiac or…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…both legs acutely increases preload. Untreated deep vein thrombosis in the acute phase. Septic phlebitis, ongoing soft tissue infection with systemic involvement. Relative: Condition Adaptation…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…the midbrain may receive enough oxygen to preserve some pupillary reflex. Importantly, pupillary size and reactivity are influenced by factors beyond neural activity. Systemic catecholamines…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…failure and occurs in more than 90% of patients presenting with the syndrome. Its severity and temporal pattern vary considerably. Symptoms of systemic venous congestion…

Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations

…Difficulties identifying R waves and T waves may result in incorrect recordings. Patient data Gender, age, weight and height are required to evaluate the examination…

Supraventricular and intraventricular conduction defects in myocardial ischemia and infarction

…in a right dominant system. Bundle branch blocks Bundle branch blocks may be caused by ischemia/infarction. A new bundle branch block in a patient…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…the course of treatment. Even transient, self terminating AF during ST elevation myocardial infarction may indicate an increased long term risk of stroke. In patients…

Atrial fibrillation: quick reference for emergency management

…anticoagulant? The unstable patient Immediate electrical cardioversion, without delay, in any of the following: A systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia…

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