…requiring an operating microscope. Relative: A patient who cannot keep the gaze still. A deeply embedded body reaching the stroma or deeper. The absence of…

Echocardiography Methods for assessing systolic function (contractile function) Several echocardiographic measurements are available to assess left ventricular systolic function. These methods elucidate slightly different aspects…

…in Figure 1. The ultrasound system automatically calculates RWT (Relative Weight Thickness), provided that the patient's weight, height and sex are entered. RWT is…

…substantial changes in left ventricular depolarization and repolarization, which result in secondary ST T changes. Such ST T changes may mimic (simulate) or mask ischemia…

…For patients with LBBB and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) $< 35%$, the implantation of a defibrillator or a CRT D is indicated…

…comorbidities Frailty Liver cirrhosis Cognitive function and life expectancy, especially in older adults Previous sternotomy or CABG Patient preferences and expectations Frailty and liver cirrhosis…

…Recurrent ischemia or reinfarction. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Features suggesting systemic embolization. In patients with recurrent chest pain and hemodynamic compromise after MI, mechanical complications should be…

…mm S V1 or S V2 ≥30 mm R V5 or R V6 ≥30 mm 3 Discordant ST T change in a patient not on…

…stress testing is utilized to assess whether there is any residual ischemia or angina pectoris. Patients may undergo repeated stress tests to assess symptoms and…

…haemodynamic status Whether heart failure is present and whether left ventricular systolic function is depressed or preserved Whether hypotension is present Whether an accessory pathway…