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Spirometry

…a bronchodilator with a spacer, and current reference values (GLI 2012 is the standard). Patient preparation — given with the appointment letter: Drug or habit Period…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

…Symptoms may remain present daily or weekly despite multiple antianginal agents and prior revascularization procedures. In many patients, the burden is sufficiently severe to limit…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…the majority of sudden cardiac deaths occur in patients with preserved LVEF, for whom no practical risk prediction tool currently exists. At the other end…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…3 For patients with a BMI below 35 kg/m², direct assessments such as waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, or dual X ray absorptiometry…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

…Not prescribing glucose measurement. Prescribe the measurement times at the same time as the insulin. Giving mealtime insulin to a patient who is not eating…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…lavage if gastrointestinal perforation or obstruction is suspected. If the patient is intubated, administer activated charcoal through a gastric tube at a dose of 0…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…Symptoms – Patients with acute myocardial infarction may present with typical ischemic chest pain, or with dyspnea, nausea, unexplained weakness, or a combination of these symptoms…

Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations

…be stored in a database, where the patient's personal identification number or equivalent is used for secure identification. If the examination is performed urgently…

Lipoprotein(a): Measurement and Clinical Implications

…high Lp(a); individuals with cardiovascular disease that is not explained by major conventional risk factors; patients at moderate risk or close to a treatment…

Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks)

…AV block 1, 2 & 3) Evaluation of patients with suspected AV blocks requires a thorough medical history (with emphasis on causes of AV blocks; please…

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