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Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia. Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…Alveolar Plateau) : ETCO 2 is the recorded CO 2 partial pressure just before the next inspiration. Phase 0 : Indicates the beginning of the next inspiration…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…without significant ST segment elevations on ECG. NSTE ACS is caused by partial occlusion of the artery (i.e. coronary blood flow is not completely…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…tourniquet . Without a bloodless field one works by feel, and by feel nail spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…divided clinically into: Complete intolerance: inability to tolerate any dose of any statin. Partial intolerance: inability to tolerate the dose required to achieve the patient…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…infarction within 30 days if left untreated. Moreover, the pathophysiology of NSTEMI and unstable angina is very similar: both are due to partial (incomplete) coronary…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…partial effect Unfractionated heparin Protamine Antiplatelet agents Platelet transfusion has weak evidence; discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of…

Urinary catheterisation

…no urethral catheter may be passed. An attempt can convert a partial rupture into a complete one. Contact the urologist or the surgeon on call…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…Cardiogenic shock. Complete transection of a papillary muscle may cause immediately overwhelming MR. Partial rupture, often involving the tip or head of the muscle, more…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…seconds of cardiac arrest and light reactivity is lost when cerebral blood flow ceases. In other words, during prolonged cardiac arrest without effective perfusion, one…

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