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Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia. Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest : Trauma and injuries…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…and perfusion . Carbon dioxide, a byproduct of aerobic metabolism, is transported from the tissues back to the lungs where it is exhaled. The final partial…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…by partial occlusion of the artery (i.e. coronary blood flow is not completely obstructed). NSTE ACS typically presents with ST segment depressions and/or…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : : Acute paronychia with fluctuance or visible pus Incision and drainage Acute…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…divided clinically into: Complete intolerance: inability to tolerate any dose of any statin. Partial intolerance: inability to tolerate the dose required to achieve the patient…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…infarction within 30 days if left untreated. Moreover, the pathophysiology of NSTEMI and unstable angina is very similar: both are due to partial (incomplete) coronary…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…partial effect Unfractionated heparin Protamine Antiplatelet agents Platelet transfusion has weak evidence; discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of…

Urinary catheterisation

…catheter is not easier to pass. With a difficult passage it is the shape of the tip and the technique that matter, not the calibre…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…approximately 1–2% without reperfusion to about 0.2% in the reperfusion era. Clinical presentation and symptoms A new episode of hypotension, recurrent chest pain…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…a result, pupils often dilate widely within 30–120 seconds of cardiac arrest and light reactivity is lost when cerebral blood flow ceases. In other…

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