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Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia. Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest : Trauma and injuries…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at the end of expiration. It provides an integrated view of ventilation , metabolism , and perfusion …

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…occlusion of the artery. The occlusion may be complete or partial, depending on the size of the thrombus and the plaque. The patient will experience…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : : Acute paronychia with fluctuance or visible pus Incision and drainage Acute…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…in registries and routine clinical practice report muscle symptoms. This discrepancy reflects, at least in part, the nocebo effect : negative expectations, contextual cues and attribution…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…infarction within 30 days if left untreated. Moreover, the pathophysiology of NSTEMI and unstable angina is very similar: both are due to partial (incomplete) coronary…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…Management : : 50 Standard dose, creatinine checked at least annually 30 50 Dose reduction as in the table above for rivaroxaban and edoxaban. Check every 6…

Urinary catheterisation

…Change the swab between strokes. 3. Instil 10–20 mL of lidocaine gel into the urethra. Pinch the meatus closed and wait at least 3…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…disruption. Infarct expansion and, in some cases, a dissecting haematoma may precede rupture. The tear commonly develops at the interface between infarcted and viable myocardium…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…arrest cases, the correlation between the initial pupillary reflex (observed upon emergency department arrival) and the neurological status assessed at 30 days was evaluated. The…

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